Skrining resep antiepilepsi pediatri yang berpotensi menimbulkan medication error di Poliklinik Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Kota Jambi
Epilepsy is a chronic seizure disorder with recurrent seizures happen by itself, requiring long-term treatment. The prevalence of epilepsy more common in children. The management of epilepsy using drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, among which valproic acid and phenytoin so little excessive doses, it can cause toxic. Epilepsy drugs in children need special attention due to the child's organs were not functioning perfectly. Some studies suggest that the recipes are incomplete causes error treatment (medication errors) that harm patients. Based on that, we need to study the completeness of prescription drugs in the pediatric outpatient epilepsy with potential medication errors in a government hospital in Jambi. Prospective data collection during the months of February to May 2015 and presented descriptively. Results: Prescribing error of 56.67%, transcribing error of 0%, 0% error dispensing, and administering error of 0%. Prescribing error include less dose by 40%. Completeness of recipes according KEPMENKES RI NO 1027 / Menkes / SK / IX / 2004, which could potentially lead to medication errors that do not include the age of 13.33% and address, gender and weight respectively of 100%. Medication error is the case is related to the process of prescribing doses and completeness (does not include the doctorâ€™s name, gender, weight and age.
Copyright (c) 2015 Tropharm (Trobosan Pharmacy)
Pembuatan ekstrak kering daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan uji aktivitas antioksidan
Antioxidant are substances that can resist the influence of the dangers of free radicals for med as a result of oxidative metabolism, which is the result of chemical reactions and metabolic processes that occurin the body. This research was conducted to determine the effect of making dry extract of Annona muriculata L. leaves on antioxidant activity. This research used simplicia of Annona muriculata L. leaves with extraction using 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol and methanol. The results showed that the viscous extract from the Annona muriculata L. leaves each solventh as a higher antioxidant activity than the dry extract from the Annona muriculata L. leaves each solvent, IC50 value of viscous extract ethanol 96%, 70% and methanol obtained respectively 58.02, 85.80 and74.78 Âµg / mL. while IC50 value of dry extract 96% ethanol, 70% and methanol obtained respectively 495,75, 194,04 and 241,58 Âµg/mL, by using acomparisonVitaminCobtainedIC50 of49.26Âµg / mL. Manufacture of dry extract of leaves of Annona muricata L. with added lactosa can incease the antioxidant activity its.
Uji aktivitas antioksidan pada teh daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) dengan spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Leaves of kelor contains variety secondary metabolites. This secondary metabolites be assumse as natural antioxidant. Objective : The aim of this research is to determine antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf tea. This research has been done by DPPH method using Spectrofotometry UV-VIS. As standard use Cap Botol tea solution which have IC50 value of Moringa oleifera leaves the determination of antioxidant activity for the treatment of 15 minutes was obtained IC50 of 10.1257 Âµg/mL, and a 30 minute treatment at 7.6114 Âµg/mL. The antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf tea to be very active as an natural antioxidant.
Analisis asam retinoat dalam sediaan krim anti jerawat di Kota Jambi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Retinoic acid is widely used as an additive in cream bleach, retinoic acid is a list of ingredients prohibited in cosmetics under the rules of the POM 2011. Many cases of the use of retinoic acid found in cosmetics that have a negative impact on health. This study aims to determine the levels of retinoic acid contained in the anti-acne cream on the market in Jambi. Used thin layer chomatography and UV-VIS Spectrophotometry. Results of identification by TLC shows Rf 0.58 whereas retinoic acid comparison of samples 1,2 and 6 obtained Rf 0.59, 0.58, 0.58 and 3.4 samples and 5 are not formed stain (black spot). Results of the determination of the maximum wavelength of retinoic acid with UV-Vis spectrophotometer gained 348.20 nm. The results of manufacture calibration curve, obtained the regression equation y = 1,25835x - 0.09127 with coefficient correlation (r) of 0.99990. Acid assay results retinoic positive samples, sample 1 = 0.00687%, sample 2 = 0.0118%, and the sample 6 = 0.00412%. Conclusion is From 6 samples just three samples containing retinoic acid, the levels allowed in the preparation of anti-acne cream that is below 0.1%.
Uji aktifitas anti nyamuk dari ekstrak etanol daging kulit buah durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti dalam sediaan krim
Tests were conducted anti-mosquito activity from rind extracts of durian meat (Durio zibethinus Murr) against Aedes aegypti in cream. Ethanol 96% used for extraction of durian rind. Evaluation cream preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, power spread test, pH test, stability test, irritation test and type cream test. Research results showed that the concentrations of the durian fruit peel extract (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) in the cream preparation affects the length of time the mosquito Aedes aegypti is upon the hands of the panelists and the amount of activity is influenced by the amount of meat extract content of durian rind inside cream preparation.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak metanol, fraksi heksan, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air daun kari (murraya koenigii (l.) Spreng)
Antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of curry leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has been done. Methanol was used for the extraction of the curry leaves, extract methanol was fractionated using different solvent polarity ie n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. Antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions were measured by the appearance zones of inhibition by diffusion methode. The result show, hexane fraction was more effective against S. aureus than extract methanol and ethyl acetate fraction. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract, hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction at concentration (100 ppm) showed maximum zone of inhibition (5.2, 6.6 and 5.3 mm, respectively) againt S. aureus. At concentration (250 ppm) showed maximum zone of inhibition (7.3, 8.8 and 6 mm, respectively). At concentration (500 ppm) showed maximum zone of inhibition (9, 10.8 and 7.3 mm, respectively). At concentration (1000 ppm) showed maximum zone of inhibition (11, 13.8 and 8.6 mm, respectively). Methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction didnot showed zones of inhibition on E.coli.
Uji effektifitas ekstrak etanol rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) terhadap ketergantungan nikotin pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus)
Plants rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) is one of the drugs that have a high content of antioxidants, containing a variety of active substances and useful secondary metabolites that are often used as a free radical peroxidation substances. Researchers therefore lifting the title this study to see the effect of roselle plant extracts against nicotine broken state. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) of the state of breaking nicotine in male white mice. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, namely the negative control experiments (mice with 0.2 ml saline and nicotine induction 5 mg / kg BW), the comparison group (mice by administering paracetamol 10 mg / kg and 5 mg nicotine / kg) , rosella extract group 2.6 mg / 20 g bb, rosella extract group 5.2 mg / 20 g bw, the roselle extract 10.4 mg / 20 g mm and nicotine 5 mg / kg. All groups after 30 min of extract of roselle induced by nicotine 5 mg / kg for 14 days. On the 15th day after the last nicotine in the morning, do the termination of nicotine by using diclofenac sodium 3.2 mg / kg. At the end of the experiment, carried out physical tests (grooming, preaning, chewing, licking and rearing), and psychological test (immobility time test and tail flick test). Results rosella extract dose 10.4 mg / 20 g bb show significant reductions in test physical reactions than other groups (p < 0.05). Rosella ethanol extract at a dose of 10.4 mg / 20 g bb also affects the psychological reaction test (p > 0.05).
Pengaruh cara pengeringan daun salam (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) Terhadap kadar kolesterol total serum tikus jantan galur wistar hiperlipidemia
A study concerning the drying effect of leaves (Eugenia polyantha Wight) against levels serum total cholesterol of male rats wistar hyperlipidemia. Research conducted of test animals on rats wistar strain male induced by fat cows, quail egg yolk (ratio 1:5) and added PTU as much 0.1% of a mixture both of them, so that the test animals become hyperlipidemia. As many as 16 test animals were divided into four groups tails. Group I was given a suspension NaCMC extracts of fresh bay leaves, group II was given a suspension NaCMC extract of dried leaves in the open air, group III was given a suspension from leaf extracts NaCMC oven dried, and the fourth group was given a solution of NaCMC without leaf extract. The study was conducted by giving suspension of leaf extract at a dose of 0.72 g / kg bw orally to the test animals. Observations of total serum cholesterol carried on day 8 after the acclimatization, the 22nd day after the induction of hyperlipidemia, and day 37 after administration of the extract. results test of Two-way ANOVA showed that the extracts from fresh leaves and dried leaf extract air giving effect is hardly much different or almost the same on 41.761% and 39.058%, and a decrease in serum total cholesterol of least of low indicated by the extracts of oven dried leaf on 5.781%.
Uji aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum bacilicum L) pada mencit putih jantan yang di induksi amnesia
Basil (Ocimum bacilicum L) was known having effect in central nervous system such anti-depressant, sedative and anti-seizure. Peoples often use it as fever, epilepsy, headache, launched breast milk and facilitating menstruation. Basil leave contain many essential oils as anti-depressant and flavonoid as anti-oksidan. The aim of the study is to look at the activity of the ethanol extract of basil leave on the central nervous system of the male white mice induced amnesia seen in cognitive function. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, control group and the groups was given the extract 100, 300, 500 mg/kgBB p.o for 7 day and piracetam as a comparator drug 500 mg/kgBB i.p, on day 8 mice in the induction of diazepam, testing against memory using Y maze, the parameter is the travel time seen rats to find food / pellets as reword. The results of research showed the ethanol extract of leaves basil with every dose and drug pirasetam in mice induced amnesia may improve memory significantly (P<0,05).
Penentuan kadar xanton total pada ekstrak alkohol kulit buah tanaman manggis (Garcinia mangostana. L)
Xanthon also useful as free radical scevengers and is also useful as an anticancer. Phase begins with sample preparation, extraction of mangosteen rind, Determination of total xanton, Maximum Wavelength Determination, Making Xanton calibration curve (Î±-mangostin) in ethanol solvent. The results obtained of the mangosteen fruit rind extracts of mangosteen with a yield of 0.7%, the determination of the maximum absorption wavelength of the reference solution Î± mangostin 243 nm, measurement calibration curve Î± mangostin reference solution to the equation regression y = 0.02604 + 0.26839 x and r = 0.998, Xanton determination of compounds from mangosteen peel extract solution that is equal to 0.216% w / w. The sample ripe mangosteen rind has a total concentration of 0.216% xanton b/b.
Mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana. L)
Analisis efektivitas biaya obat tipikal dan atipikal antipsikotika pada pasien Schizoprenia di rumah sakit jiwa Provinsi Jambi tahun 2012
Abstrak Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit mental yang sangat serius dengan biaya pengobatan yang mahal karena skizofrenia membutuhkan pengobatan yang lama 1-5 tahun. Evaluasi farmakoekonomi dibutuhkan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan total biaya yang dikeluarkan dari suatu pilihan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan antipsikotik terhadap gambaran biaya yang dikeluarkan pasien rawat inap skizofrenia di RSJD Jambi tahun 2012. Penelitian dilakukan secara Retrospektif di tahun 2012 dengan mengikuti Kriteria Inklusi yang telah Didapatkan 131 pasien skizofrenia yang termasuk Kriteria Inklusi yang kemudian diteliti berdasarkan analisis ACER dan ICER didapatkan Antipsikotik Tipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 96.319/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 4 hari dan Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 108.806/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 2 hari. Berdasarkan perhitungan ICER didapatkan nilai Rp 12.487/hari perawatan kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai Threshold Rp 279.513,-/hari. Nilai ICER masih sangat jauh dari nilai Threshold sehingga Antipsikotik atipikal dianggap sangat cost-effective dari segi biaya dan manfaatnya. Antipsikotik yang dianggap paling cost-effective pada pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap RSJD provinsi Jambi adalah Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan parameter hari perawatan yang lebih cepat sehingga akan mempengaruhi gambaran biaya perawatan dan biaya keseluruhan yang lebih efesien. Penerapan PANSS diperlukan di RSJD provinsi Jambi untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif efek terapi obat antipsikotik dalam mengurangi gejala psikosis pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap. Abstrak Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit mental yang sangat serius dengan biaya pengobatan yang mahal karena skizofrenia membutuhkan pengobatan yang lama 1-5 tahun. Evaluasi farmakoekonomi dibutuhkan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan total biaya yang dikeluarkan dari suatu pilihan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan antipsikotik terhadap gambaran biaya yang dikeluarkan pasien rawat inap skizofrenia di RSJD Jambi tahun 2012. Penelitian dilakukan secara Retrospektif di tahun 2012 dengan mengikuti Kriteria Inklusi yang telah Didapatkan 131 pasien skizofrenia yang termasuk Kriteria Inklusi yang kemudian diteliti berdasarkan analisis ACER dan ICER didapatkan Antipsikotik Tipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 96.319/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 4 hari dan Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 108.806/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 2 hari. Berdasarkan perhitungan ICER didapatkan nilai Rp 12.487/hari perawatan kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai Threshold Rp 279.513,-/hari. Nilai ICER masih sangat jauh dari nilai Threshold sehingga Antipsikotik atipikal dianggap sangat cost-effective dari segi biaya dan manfaatnya. Antipsikotik yang dianggap paling cost-effective pada pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap RSJD provinsi Jambi adalah Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan parameter hari perawatan yang lebih cepat sehingga akan mempengaruhi gambaran biaya perawatan dan biaya keseluruhan yang lebih efesien. Penerapan PANSS diperlukan di RSJD provinsi Jambi untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif efek terapi obat antipsikotik dalam mengurangi gejala psikosis pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap.
Skizofrenia, Analisis Efektifitas Biaya, PICU, ACER, ICER
Uji efektivitas handsoap sebagai antimikroba di bangsal bedah RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi
Abstract Nosocomial Infection Control is one of the efforts to improve health services to community. The incidence of nosocomial infections in Indonesia still high relatively at 9.8%. One factor causing nosocomial infections originating from health workers who fail to wash hands adequately. This research to see ties between the rate of nosocomial infections in hospitals with handsoap used effectiveness. The method used to calculate the number of colonies is method of ALT (total plate count)and AKK (yeast fungi figures). Sample used was suspense microbes from the hands of the respondent before and after using the handsoap which is used in surgical ward Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi. The results of this study showed a reduction the numbers of bacterial colonies in hands of 94.21%. The handsoap in surgical ward Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi was effective in killing the bacterial growth.
Pengaruh Penambahan Propilen Glikol, Tween 80, Tween 20 dan PEG 400 Terhadap Kelarutan Furosemide
Abstract Solubility of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is an important role in the formulation of a pharmaceutical preparation. Drugs that have a small solubility showed low bioavailability. Furosemide is a strong diuretic has a solubility value of 0,01 mg/ ml and log P 0,74 that are classified into the BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class 4, are a drug which has low solubility and low permeability. In this study, the addition of surfactants are P Abstract Solubility of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is an important role in the formulation of a pharmaceutical preparation. Drugs that have a small solubility showed low bioavailability. Furosemide is a strong diuretic has a solubility value of 0,01 mg/ ml and log P 0,74 that are classified into the BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class 4, are a drug which has low solubility and low permeability. In this study, the addition of surfactants are PEG 400, Tween 80, tween 20, and propilenglikol to increase the solubility of Furosemide. Each of these surfactants measured surface tension in order to get the point of the CMC to view the solubility of 10 mg of furosemide were measured by UV spectrophotometer. Results of the research that has been conducted on concentration obtained CMC point PEG 400, Tween 80, tween 20, and propilenglikol respectively from 0,19 to 0,22%; 0,2 to 0,22% and 6-8%. Based on these results an increase in the solubility of Furosemide. Keywords : Solubilization, CMC point, FurosemideEG 400, Tween 80, tween 20, and propilenglikol to increase the solubility of Furosemide. Each of these surfactants measured surface tension in order to get the point of the CMC to view the solubility of 10 mg of furosemide were measured by UV spectrophotometer. Results of the research that has been conducted on concentration obtained CMC point PEG 400, Tween 80, tween 20, and propilenglikol respectively from 0,19 to 0,22%; 0,2 to 0,22% and 6-8%. Based on these results an increase in the solubility of Furosemide. Keywords : Solubilization, CMC point, Furosemide
Copyright (c) 2019 Tropharm (Trobosan Pharmacy)
Abstrak Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit mental yang sangat serius dengan biaya pengobatan yang mahal karena skizofrenia membutuhkan pengobatan yang lama 1-5 tahun. Evaluasi farmakoekonomi dibutuhkan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan total biaya yang dikeluarkan dari suatu pilihan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan antipsikotik terhadap gambaran biaya yang dikeluarkan pasien rawat inap skizofrenia di RSJD Jambi tahun 2012. Penelitian dilakukan secara Retrospektif di tahun 2012 dengan mengikuti Kriteria Inklusi yang telah Didapatkan 131 pasien skizofrenia yang termasuk Kriteria Inklusi yang kemudian diteliti berdasarkan analisis ACER dan ICER didapatkan Antipsikotik Tipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 96.319/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 4 hari dan Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan nilai ACER Rp 108.806/hari perawatan dengan lama perawatan 2 hari. Berdasarkan perhitungan ICER didapatkan nilai Rp 12.487/hari perawatan kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai Threshold Rp 279.513,-/hari. Nilai ICER masih sangat jauh dari nilai Threshold sehingga Antipsikotik atipikal dianggap sangat cost-effective dari segi biaya dan manfaatnya. Antipsikotik yang dianggap paling cost-effective pada pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap RSJD provinsi Jambi adalah Antipsikotik Atipikal dengan parameter hari perawatan yang lebih cepat sehingga akan mempengaruhi gambaran biaya perawatan dan biaya keseluruhan yang lebih efesien. Penerapan PANSS diperlukan di RSJD provinsi Jambi untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif efek terapi obat antipsikotik dalam mengurangi gejala psikosis pasien skizofrenia di instalasi rawat inap.
Skizofrenia, Analisis Efektifitas Biaya, PICU, ACER, ICERSkizofrenia, Analisis Efektifitas Biaya, PICU, ACER, ICER